Intelligence and How to Get It: Why Schools and Cultures Count.
A common view of intelligence is that it is highly heritable and partly for that reason it is very difficult to alter it by means of education. In fact, heritability is population dependent, and heritability has almost no implications for modifiability. Cultures, and education from pre-school to college, can have massive effects on intelligence. SES and ethnic/racial gaps in academic achievement can be substantially reduced by means now in our grasp ranging from educational interventions with infants to social psychological interventions with adults.
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