Although the majority of the literature concerning self-construal is cross-cultural in nature, recent evidence confirms the co-existence of independent and interdependent self-construals within the individual. These self-views appear to be founded upon the universal human goals of autonomy and belonging, and when activated, mold cognitive and motivational processes in the service of these goals. One domain in which the influence of self-construal appears to be important is the area of self-regulation. Research exploring the moderating role of self-construal in domains as distinct as (a) self-evaluation and standard setting, (b) regulatory focus and strategy choice, and (c) regulatory control and stamina, all converge to imply that the seemingly small distinction between construing the self as independent and interdependent invokes strikingly different regulatory processes in the individual. Time permitting, exploratory studies investigating the potential developmental and neural underpinnings of these distinct regulatory systems will also be discussed.