Over the past two decades Diener's research has focused on factors that influence chronic levels of subjective well-being (positive emotions and life satisfaction), factors such as income, extroversion, social relationships, and social comparison. In the past few years, Diener's research has been focused on topics that give a more nuanced meaning to the idea of subjective well-being. For example, his research on measurement has turned to the divergence of on-line and global survey measures of SWB. His work on culture shows that the causes of SWB vary across cultures, and that the form SWB takes also can vary. Furthermore, people across cultures differentially trade happy feelings for other values. Finally, Diener addresses the issue of whether "happiness" is really just a personality disposition, and he shows longitudinal data that refute this idea.